whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever, however用法

张张小珂珂

一、引导状语从句

它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句)，其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等，相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如：

Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。

Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。

Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleasedto see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。

Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。

We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。

However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。

注：有时从句谓语可用情态动词：

无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。

正：I’ll find him, wherever he is.

正：I’ll find him, wherever he may be.

无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。

正：Keep calm, whatever happens.

正：Keep calm, whatever may happen.

另外，whoever 的宾格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever, 后者在现代英语已基本不用，有的词典已不收录此词。如：

Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟谁结婚，他一定要会做饭才行。

二、引导名词性从句

除引导状语从句外，whatever, whoever, whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如：

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。

Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。

三、用于加强语气

有时用于加强语气，含有“究竟”、“到底”之义。如：

Whatever [What ever] do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?

Whenever [When ever] did you find time to do it? 你什么时候有空做这事?

Wherever [Where ever] can the children be? 孩子们究竟会在哪里呢?

Whoever [Who ever] told you that? 到底是谁告诉你的呢?

Whichever [Which ever] did you choose? 你到底选了哪个?

However [How ever] did you escape? 你到底是怎样逃出来的?